Neuron+-+KFV

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=__** Introduction **__= Imagine that you're cooking a Thanksgiving feast. Someone comes in the kitchen and scares you. You end up with your hand on the hot stove. You are now sending signals for your salience network to pay attention to your pain. Your brain also has to work with the pain signals, so motor pathways are turned on. Modulation network is also turned on. These send chemicals to release when you're in pain. Now you're want to run and go crazy, maybe scream. This is called a runners high. This is what the modulation network does. That's why people say “Go run off the pain” it actually helps. = = =__** What is a Neuron? **__= Neurons are the cells that send and get signals. They send messages to your muscles, other nerve cells or gland cells. All humans/animals have 4 different cells: __Sensory Neurons__ : These neurons tell the rest of the brain about the things that happen inside and outside of your body. __Motor Neurons__ : Send information away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. __Communication Neurons__ : Sends signals from one part of the brain to the other. __Computation neurons__ : These are usually located in the vertebrates. These neurons take and process information from the senses, compare that info with the one in your memory, and then plan and do what you need to do at that time.

=__** What are the parts of a Neurons? **__= (1) Axons and Dendrites are long things that are connected to the neurons. The dendrites send messages to neurons. The axons send messages away from the neuron. Dendrites start the process by moving down to the neuron then move down to the axon. A neuron has more than one dendrite, but only has one axon. But axons have more tips, so the impulse can go to another (2)Neurons are like to other cells because neurons have a cell membrane, a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, organelles. Neurons are different from other cells because neurons have long things called axons and dendrites, they talk to each other by something called an electrochemical process. This means that the chemicals in your body cause an electrical signal to communicate. What really makes a difference with the nervous system is that the human brain has on the order of 100 billion neurons or each with a unique set of about 10,000 inputs. According to Dummies.com, That's even larger than the U.S. national debt in pennies!

 =**__How does a Neuron work?__ ** = <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">When a neuron is turned off, waiting for a nerve impulse to come, the neuron is polarized. This means that the cytoplasm inside the cell has a negative charge, and the liquid outside the cell has a positive charge. This is like a break of charge in a battery sets up conditions that makes a battery to turn on.The electrical difference across the membrane of the neuron is called its resting potential. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The resting potential is made by a protein called the sodium-potassium pump. This protein moves a lot of sodium ions (Na <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">+ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">) outside the cell, making a positive charge. At the same time, the protein moves some potassium (K <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">+ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">) ions into the cell’s cytoplasm. Because the number of Na <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">+ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ions moved outside the cell is bigger than the number of K <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">+ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ions moved inside, the cell is more positive on the outside than on the inside. = = =__** How does ALS affect Neurons? **__= <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">No one knows why the motor neurons are dying in the disease. But researchers have ideas that lend to speculation. And theories lead to design of experiments that will find out more about the disease. Motor neurons support and supply an really long fiber called an axon extended out to make connections. Even though the main part of a motor neuron is of typical size for a cell, its axon must travel up to a meter as part of the nerve tracts reaching down to the spinal cord, or from the cord out to the fingertips and toes.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ALS is sometimes called Lou Gehrig's disease after Lou Gehrig, a hall-of-fame baseball player for the New York Yankees who was diagnosed with ALS in the 1930s. People in England and Australia call ALS motor neurone disease (MND).

=__** Conclusion **__= <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion, Neurons are cells that send and receive messages and there's 4 different kinds of neuron. Axons and Dendrites are the long things that help send and receive the messages. Neurons are usually polarized when not in use, and ALS is a disease that affects motor neurons.

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