White+Blood+Cells+-+CM

= __Introduction__ = toc You’re in science class when your stomach doesn't feel so good. You suddenly throw-up. You get sent home sick. Your #|mother tells you to lie down and take a nap. But, what you don’t know is that your body is in a #|mini battle! It’s not against the #|ham and #|cheese sandwich you had for lunch, it’s against germs in the air. The battle starts with Helper T-Cells and Destroyer T-Cells, which protect the other cells of your body. Then come in the B-Cells, which mark up the germs]]. Meanwhile the little germs are running for their lives. The |immune system is the ba ttle in your body, preventing you from becoming ill. Your body hopes #|the germs don't pull out their deadliest weapon, AIDS (That would kill them all). The battle starts with Helper T-Cells and Destroyer T-Cells, which protect the other cells of your body. Then come in the B-Cells, which mark up the germs. Meanwhile the little germs are running for their lives. The #|immune system is the battle in your body, preventing you from becoming ill. Your body hopes the germs don't pull out their deadliest weapon, AIDS (That would kill them all). you don't know is that your body is in a #|mini battle! It’s not again st the #|ham and #|cheese sandwich you had for lunch, it’s against germs in the air. = __T-Cells-The Generals and Attackers__ = A T-Cell is a lymphocyte (Lymphocytes work on bacterial and #|viral infections.) They #|play the central role in the immune system. They can be distinguished from other cells due to the fact that they have T-Cell Receptor on its surface.They are called T-Cells because they mature in the #|thymus. Th ere are two types: Destroyer T-Cells and Helper T-Cells. Helper T-Cells warn cells of incoming pathog ens and they #|start the immune system process. They also can tell pathogens apart. If the same pathogen comes again it will remember the treatment that it used last time to get #|rid of it. It is somewhat like a smoke alarm since they both warn of things coming.

Unlike Helper T-Cells, Destroyer T-Cells destroy pathogens that have been marked with #|antibodies by B-Cells. Destroyer T-Cells recognize #|invaders by the shape of molecules. Having recognized the invader, the Destroyer T-Cell attacks like a warrior in battle.

= __B-Cells-The Scientists__ = A B-Cell is a lymphocyte. Its job is to create antibodies, somewhat like a scientist. Antibodies are proteins that cover a virus and mark it so that the Destroyer T-Cell can find and attack the virus. Each kind of B cell produces only one kind of antibody. Each kind of antibody has a different structure. An antigen and an antibody fit together. An antigen of one type of virus will only bind together with that certain type of antibody. When antibodies bind to the #|antigens on a pathogen, they mark the pathogen for destruction.

=__ Pathogens-The Enemy __= A pathogen is anything harmful to the body, such as dust. Most pathogens can be seen only with a microscope. Pathogens are spread through contact with either an #|infected person, soil, [[#|food]]]] or water. They can also spread from a contaminated object or an infected animal. Pathogens can pass from one person to another through direct physical contact, such as kissing or shaking hands. Diseases also spread indirectly like when an infected person sneezes and pathogens shoot in the air. Some pathogens come from the environment. Some pathogens can contaminate food and water. If people eat or #|drink it they could become sick. The four major groups of hum Bacteria are one-celled small organisms that can cause a lot of diseases. Some damage your cells directly, while others damage cells indirectly. When damaging cells directly, bacteria attack the cells. When damaging cells indirectly, bacteria gives out a poison that hurts the cells. Viruses are smaller than bacteria. They do not reproduce unless inside a living cell. When inside the cell, viruses damage the cell, giving new viruses to other cell, therefore infecting them. Fungi live in warm, dark, and wet areas. Protists can get into your blood and infect you. an pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists.

=__ The Immune System- The Battle __= The immune system is an intricate system that protects your body from harmful diseases. It starts with the virus that lands in the lining of your lungs. The virus has antigens that are like little keys to unlock a cell membrane. With the cell membrane open, the virus gets in (only if the Helper T-Cell does not identify the virus.) Usually, when the T-Cell notices the virus, it breaks it apart and shows the other cells. The Helper T-Cell then starts the immune system. First, it tells B-Cells to make antibodies to mark the virus, weaken it, and remove the antigens. Next, the Helper T-Cell sends out the Destroyer T-Cells and tells them to attack the virus. = __Immune Challenges- Good vs Bad__ = HIV (Human Immunodeficiency) is a disease that weakens the immune system. The HIV virus goes into the immune system, undetected. It looks for Helper T-Cells and attaches itself to it. The HIV virus then goes into the Helper T-Cell’s copy machinery and makes many copies of itself. Eventually, other viruses get into the other healthy cells and attacks them. Without the help of the Helper T-Cell, Destroyer T-Cells and B-Cells don’t know what to do. The viruses and the HIV overthrow the immune system and take over. This is when someone develops AIDS. AIDS is acquired immune deficiency syndrome . A person with AIDS has virtually no immune system, so he or she gets sick very easily and have a hard time fighting any kind of virus or disease, even the common cold. People with AIDS often develop pneumonia, which causes bad breathing problems and coughs. Other infections can affect the organs and the digestive system. New drugs make it possible for people who have HIV to live for years without getting AIDS. Researchers are working on a cure for the HIV infection and then AIDS will no longer exist. **Conclusion** After taking your nap, you feel better, ready to take on the rest of your day. Inside your body, your immune system is cheering for another job well done. With your immune system, you can keep safe from illness. T-Cells, B-Cells, and antibodies all know the plan to help fight the germs. Helper T-Cells warn of virus coming. Destroyer T-Cells kill pathogens. B-Cells create antibodies that mark and weaken pathogens. Pathogens are the little viruses that can make you sick. The immune system prevents your body from becoming ill. AIDS kills the immune system, which makes you very ill. Take care of your immune system or else you could become very sick, which no one wants. =__Resources__= “Body Basics: Immune System.” KidsHealth.org. Nemours, 2015. Web. 14 Jan. 2015. . Cell vs. virus: A battle for health - Shannon Stiles. Youtube. Youtube, 17 Apr. 2014. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. . “HIV and AIDS.” KidsHealth. Nemours, 2015. Web. 21 Jan. 2015. . “Immune System.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Jan. 2015. Web. 14 Jan. 2015. . Padilla, Michael J. Prentice Hall Science Explorer. Teacher’s ed. Needham: Pearson Prentice Hall,, 2005. Print. __ “Word! White Blood Cells.” Kid’s Health. Nemours Foundation., 2014. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. . __ = =