Plant+Cells+-+CP

= = =Introduction=

The plant cell relies on the parts of the cell to work together like when you play basketball. You can’t have 1 person on the team to score all the points and rebound or else you would lose, but when all 5 players work together and even things out the basketball team would win. In basketball there are different types of players. A scorer, a rebounder, and a passer. Like a plant cell there are different types. Plant cells make their own food by using carbon dioxide and water, but they also can make proteins. Like humans plant cells need water to do multiple things because plants are 90% water. You might think the plant cell are exactly the same as your cells, but they are very different.

= = = What Makes up a Plant Cell = toc A Plant Cell is like a factory because all the cells have to work together or the cell will dies as if a factory will run out of business if no one is working. The Cell wall makes sure that bad materials don’t enter the cell. As that happening the Chloroplasts need to make food. Then the proteins are being made at the same time. The Nucleus has to make more cells and control them at the same time. Then all the plants food is stored in the Vacuole. If one of these cells don’t do their job the entire cell will collapse and die, but if all the parts work together it makes it easy for the cell to live. The parts below are the parts of the Plant cell that helps the cell live.

**Cytoplasm**- A jelly fluid where organelles are stored. **Ribosomes**- Makes proteins for the plant. **Golgi body**- Endoplasmic Reticulum sends material to the Golgi Body and the Golgi body would send the materials to where the cell is in need of them. **Mitochondrion**- Where most of the energy is produced in a cell **Cell Membrane**- Controls what enters and leaves the cell and protects the cell. **Vacuole**- Large sac that holds food, waste, water, and other materials. **Chloroplasts**- Captures the sunlight's energy and does photosynthesis. **Cell Wall**- The cell wall surrounds the membrane and and is shaped as a rigid square ** Endoplasmic Reticulum ** - Passageways that bring materials to one part of the cell to the other. **Chlorophyll**- The green pigment found in the Chloroplast.
 * Nucleus ** - The control center of the cells. Also where reproduction occurs here.

=What are the Different Types of Plant Cells=

There are three different types of plant cells. Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma. Parenchyma's job is to do photosynthesis and to hold air, water, and other materials. Parenchyma makes photosynthesis so expertly because of the high Chlorophyll and the spongy Parenchyma which acts like a storage of air. Parenchyma comes in many types. There is a Vascular Parenchyma, Medullary Parenchyma, Conjunctive Parenchyma, Armed Parenchyma, Chlorenchyma, Prosenchyma, and Arenchyma. Vascular Parenchyma is involved with the Xylem and Phloem tissues. Medullary Parenchyma is used to reserve food. Conjunctive Parenchyma is meant to hold water. Chlorenchyma contains a lot of Chloroplasts which makes it the main area of the Parenchyma were photosynthesis happens. Prosenchyma is the cell with tapering ends. Arenchyma is when air is filled into enclose large intercellular spaces. This helps plants in the water because it helps their ** Buoyancy **. ** Buoyancy means the ability to float on the water. **

Collenchyma cells helps in plants because it acts as a support function. The cell helps support the plant when their is no help of the primary walls and the secondary walls when they are slacking. Collenchyma helps because it helps make the tissue stronger and is a supporter. Also Collenchyma performs Photosynthesis too.

Sclerenchyma cells support the plant cell just like the Collenchyma, but they are different because they are more rigid and have an hardening agent. Sclerenchyma have a Spherical cells which when is touched it flattens. They hold starch, fats, and tannins as storage in their large Vacuoles. There are three types of Sclerenchyma. Osteosclereid, Astrosclereid, and Brachysclereid. =How do Plant Cells Make Food and Proteins=

There are two parts to photosynthesis. The first part is the capturing of sunlight. The leaves in the plant is where the energy is being captured the most. There are green organelles called Chloroplasts. Pigments make the green color which absorbs light. Chlorophyll is the main pigment that does most of the photosynthesis in the Chloroplasts. The chlorophyll uses the power from the sunlight's energy that is has captured to start the second phase of photosynthesis. The second stage of photosynthesis the cell produces sugars from the energy that is stored. The cell needs (CO 2 ) or carbon dioxide and water(H 2 O) to do this. The plants gets the water by absorbing it through it’s roots. The Carbon dioxide enters through small openings in the plant called Stomatas. Then they move up to the chloroplast where then the Carbon Dioxide and the water go into a lot of chemical reactions. This produces cells as products. It makes a six carbon atom called C 6 H 12 O 6. This is what the cells use to do cell functions.

Photosynthesis process is unlike the making of proteins in a cell. First the DNA of the cells Nucleus is turned into RNA and the RNA goes to the rough ER( Endoplasmic Reticulum). Then the RNA tells the Ribosomes in the rough ER how to make the protein. The protein is then wrapped in a vesicle and is sent to the Golgi Apparatus. Where it’s perfected and checked for errors. Then sent to anywhere in the vesicle either inside or outside of the body where needed.

=Why Do Plants Need Water=

Like all living things, plants need water to survive, but plants need more water than most animals because they are 90 % water. Plants need the right amount of water to survive. When a plant gets too little of water the plant starts to wilt. Wilting happens because of the turgor. Turgor is the water pressure that makes the skeleton of the plant. The water enters through the stems of the cell and goes to the leaves. When it gets too little water the pressure drops in the leaves so they start to wilt. When the cells wall lets too much water in the cell the cell would burst. Plants also need water to do photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which plants make food. The water enters through the stems and then goes to the leaves. There the water mixes with carbon dioxide and makes food for the plant without water the plant wouldn’t drink or eat.

=Plants vs Animal Cells=

There are a lot of differences between plant and animal cells. Lets start with plant cells first. Plant cells have a cell wall which provide structure and support for the cell. Also plant cells have chloroplasts which captures the sunlight's energy and turns it into food. There is a central vacuole that holds water. Also plant cells don't have vesicles. Animal cells have no cell wall. Also they have no chloroplasts because they don’t have the ability to make food. They have very small vacuoles that hold, water, wastes, and food. Animal cells also have vesicles where material is digested inside the cell.

Plant cells and Animal cells are the same because they both have a Cell Membrane, they also both have a Nucleus. They both have cytoplasms. They also both have Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, and a Golgi Apparati which are all organelles. They also both have Lysosomes. Both do basic activities like reproduce, take in food, and make energy. Both cells are called eukaryotic cells because they both have a organelles and a Nucleus contained in a membrane. They both have DNA. Also both have a Cytoskeleton which is a microscopic network in a cytoplasm. Plant cells and Animals both have a Nucleolus. Nucleolus is found inside of the nucleus (rRNA) is assembled and transcribe in it.

=Conclusion= The plant cells need to work together like when you're working on a school project. If you and your partner work together you thrive and get a good grade, but when only one person does the work you fail and get bad grades. The plant cell comes in many different ways as people come in many different shapes and sizes. Plant cells have to make their own food to survive. Plant cells can’t take a day off from making food by ordering food or they will die. Plants need water to do photosynthesis as we need water to stay alive. Also has you might have thought there are many differences between animal and plant cells. I just want to end this with this. You wouldn’t be reading this if plant cells didn’t do their job. =References=

Works Cited “Eukaryotic Cell Interactive Animation.” Cells Alive. Quill Graphics, 2014. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. . “Osmosis in Pant Cells.” Dr.Nilsson’s CyberOffice. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2015. . Padilla, Michael J., Ioannis Miaoulis, and Martha Cyr. Prentice Hall Science Explorer. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print. UCSB Science Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2015. .